Chemical-resistant lining



y G. H. woRRALL CHEMICAL RESISTANT LINING Filed July 5. 1924 T1:

. pose of the reinforcement is to strengthen the lining, the-reinforcing metal used should be one which not only has a higher tensile strengthand higher elastic limit than lead, but this strength and limit must be main tained at higher temperatures. Moreover the reinforcement should be capable of forniing a Weld or union with the lead. A suitable metal which meets all these requirements is antiinonial lead containing from G to percent of antimony.

A composite sheet adapted particularly as acliemical resistant lining is fully described in application Serial Number 724,411 filed July 5, 1924, and is also generally shown in Figure 1. It consists of a body 7 of chemical or unalloyed lead having reinforcing elements or bars 9 arranged therein in spaced and parallel relation and enveloped by the lead,'and these bars as heretofore referred to are preferably made of antimonial lead. The process of making this sheet is briefly as follows: A lead slab is cast with cavities therein, which cavities preferabl run along the slab in substantially paral el relation. Into these cavities is then poured antimonial lead and this is preferably done while the slab is still hot so that the body and reinforcements will form a union or weld. The slab is then elongated in any suitableinanner, as by being passed through rolls as in the regular manufacture of sheet' leadand this rolling is ac'comlplishedwhile the reinforced slab is still hot. The rolling is preferably in a direction along' the reinforcements so that the bars of antimonial lead will become elongatedwith the lead body and flattened out laterally, with the result `that the lining will. have reinforcements `therealong elongated therewith and Welded thereto but ,enveloped by the.lead. By suitably positioning the cavities inthe slab the reinforcements may be nearer one face of vthe lead lining so as to vgive a larger weari ing surface to the chemical resistant lining without in any way impairing its structuial strength.

The lining may be applied to a chemical containerlin anyesuitable manner and to meet given conditions. Thus in an ordinary vertical vat 1() having, for instance, a cone bottom as shown in Figure 2, the lining may-be so applied that the reinforcements 9 run verti- .cally along the sides and slope downward. along the bottom. In this way the reinforcements-act to support'the lining so that it can 4be simply hungfrom the top and in such 'a case pulling or buckling will be avoided.

The ysheets of the-lining may be burned together in the usual-manner without encountering an difliculties,

y-In va case w that illustrat` lFigure 3 is provided witlif avingratendency to pullv iixitiity be prefer- .,ofthelining is greatly increased b -forcement, exposure will be onf,

the container `11 such as tion `vof the enveloped and 4reinforcing elements 9v act as a frame-work to resist such movement, especially since the lining and reinforcements are Welded together tor forni an integral structure and since the reinforcements impart the desired strength and supply the desired framework This, however, leaves the interior face of the lining of chemical lead as desired and this chemical lead extends for the desired thickness.

In a container 12 such as shown in Figure 4, which is in the form of a horizontal cylinder, the reinforcements 9 also preferably are iii the form of hoops like those of a barrel. It is obvious that these will support the liiiing not only against sagging due. to gravity, but also will support the lining against the action of inteinal pressure, especially where a pressure is in excess ot' atmosphere. Where the inteinal pressure of such a container is below atmospheric pressure, theii these reinforcements will likewise support the lining against collapsing. A

In Figure 5 the acid egg' 13 has a lining provided with reinforcements 9 which also extend hoopwise so as to not only support the lead against lcollapsing and keep the (TO' ebb against either internal or external pressure depending upon whether the internal pressure is above or below atmospheric pressure. A lining of the character described can be readily fastened to its support as shown iii Figures 6 and 7 However, fasteners 14 may pass through the lining in the usual manner and these fasteners may either pass between a pair o f reinforcements or through one of the reinforcements. The head 15 of the fastener is covered with a patch 16 of chemical lead, which may be readily burned onto the chemical lead face of the lining without difficulty to `form a seal therefor. As stated heretofore the lining need only be supported at spaced points siiicc the reinforcement acts as a framework. Accordingly fewer fasteners may be used. It will, therefore, be seen that there is provided a chemical resistant lining which is so reinforced that there is a continuous union between the reinforcement and the lead body, which form-a welded union soas to form an integral structure. While the strength the rein- Ay of the chemical lead, which'envelo s the reinforcement, while the latter be protected against exposure. 'Creep' and buckling is, therefore, entirely obvia? and disintegrarotected reinforcement is avoided even i the lining is in shape', but also to support the same iic ' ing by burning. i l

found in practice that this lining effectivelyA overcomes creeping or crawling even at the exposed t acid at high temperatures. The

. lining sheets may be readily joined by burning, since the reinforcements are imbedded and exposed only at the edges, while both faces to aconsiderable depth consist of chemical lead s o that a sealed union may be formed by. burning. A sealed union may also be foi-ined' by a patch joined to the liii- It has,` therefore, been higher temperatures andy even .when sub- 'jected to acids or othercliemicals. Qn account of the greater strength of a lining of ing is much greater than a chemical lead lining so that the cost of maintenance is considerably reduced. The lining may also be used in places where pressures are either above or below atmospheric pressure without liability of either bulging or collapsing.

It is obvious that various changesmay be l made in details without departing from the spirit of this invention; it is, therefore, to be understood that this invention is not to be limited to the specic/details shown and described.

Having thus descrilid the invention, what is claimed is:

1. A container for chemicals having a lining of chemical or unalloyed lead rovided with alloyed lead reinforcements w ich are embedded `in the lead body, and means for attaching said linin said reinforcements extending along the ining in'order to su port the lead body at the points of attac ment against sagging or pulling.

2. A container having a lining composed of lead, said lining having embedded therein at spaced intervals reinforcing elements composed of alloyed lead of greater tensile strength and elastic limitthan the body of 4 the lining, whereby the lining is prevented from bucllding at high temperatures."

3. A'container having a lining composed oflead, said lining having embeddedtherein at spaced intervals reinforcin elements composed of alloyed lead of su stantiall the same elongabilty asthe body of the-lining,

said elements bei-1i of greater tensile strength than the bo y of the linin" where by the lining is prevented from buckling at high temperatures.

4. A container having" a lining com osed of lead, said lining having embedde welded therein at spaced intervals reinforcing elements composed of alloii'ed lead of substantially the saine elongability :ind of greater 4tensile strength than the body' of the lining, whereby the lining is prevented from buckling 'at high temperatures.

and

i 5. A container having a lining composed ot lead, said lining having embedded therein -at spaced intervals reinforcing elements composed of alloyed lead of greater tensiley strength and elastic limit than the body of theplining, whereby the lining is prevented fromA buckling at high temperatures, and means for attaching said lining to the container comprising spaced elements adjacent the' reinforcing elements in order to support lthe lead body at the .points of attachment against sagging or pulling.

6. A container having a lining composed of lead, said lining having embedded therein at spaced intervals reinforcing elements composed' of alloyed lead of greater tensile strength and elastic limit than the body of the lining, whereby the lining is prevented 'from buckling at high temperatures, and l means for attaching said lining to the container comprising spaced elements adjacent the reinforcing elements in order to support the lead body at the points of attachment against sagging or pulling, the heads of the attaching elements being covered by the body of the lining, y 7. A container having a lining composed of chemical or unalloyed lead, said lining having embedded therein at spaced intervals reinforcing elements composed of antimonial Ylead of greater tensile strength and elastic limit than the body ofthe lining, whereby the lining is prevented from bucklin high temperatures, and means forattac ing said lining to i the container com rising spaced elements adjacent the reinforcin ele'- ments in order to support the lead bo y at the points of attachment against sagging oi' pulling. I

In testimony whereof I aix my signature this' 24th day of June, 1924.

GEORGE H. WORRALL.

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